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Niresh Mac Os X Mountain Lion 10.8.5 Iso Free Download

Non-Apple reckoner running macOS

Hackintosh running OS Ten Yosemite

A Hackintosh (a portmanteau of "Hack" and "Macintosh") is a computer that runs Apple tree's Macintosh operating organization macOS (formerly named "Mac OS X" or "OS X") on computer hardware not authorized for the purpose by Apple tree. [1] "Hackintoshing" began equally a effect of Apple's 2005 transition to Intel processors, abroad from PowerPC. Since 2005, Mac computers use the aforementioned x86-64 computer architecture equally many other desktop PCs, laptops, notebooks and servers, pregnant that in principle, the lawmaking making up macOS systems and software tin can be run on alternative platforms with minimal compatibility bug. [2] Benefits cited for "Hackintoshing" can include toll (older, cheaper or commodity hardware), ease of repair and piecemeal upgrade, and freedom to employ customized choices of components that are not bachelor (or not available together) in the branded Apple products. macOS can also be run on several non-Apple virtualization platforms, although such systems are not ordinarily described as Hackintoshes. Hackintosh laptops are sometimes referred to as "Hackbooks". [3] In recent years, the use of AMD processors has become mutual in Hackintoshes, thank you to the website AMD Os X. The popularity is due to the introduction of the powerful AMD Ryzen and Threadripper CPUs.

Apple's software license for macOS just permits the software'due south use on computers that are "Apple tree-branded." [iv] All the same, because modernistic Macintosh computers employ Intel-based hardware, there are few limitations keeping the software from running on other types of Intel-based PCs. [five] Notably, companies such as Psystar have attempted to release products using macOS on non-Apple machines, [6] though many Hackintosh systems are designed solely by macOS enthusiasts of various hacking forums and communities. [7] While the methods Apple uses to prevent macOS from being installed on not-Apple hardware are protected from commercial circumvention in the Us by the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), [eight] specific changes to the law regarding the concept of jailbreaking [ix] take placed circumvention methods similar these into a legal grey area.

In 2020, Apple began to move to ARM64-based Apple silicon processors. The company has said it volition eventually stop supporting the Intel64 architecture. [ten]

History [ edit ]

Mac Bone X Tiger (ten.four) [ edit ]

On June half-dozen, 2005, Apple tree announced its plans to transition to Intel x86 processors at their Worldwide Developers Briefing and fabricated available a prototype Intel-based Mac to selected developers at a cost of $999 (equivalent to $1,320 in 2020). [eleven] Efforts immediately began to try to run Mac Bone X on non-Apple hardware, but developers quickly found themselves with an error message saying that the PC hardware configurations were not supported. [12]

On January 10, 2006, Apple released Mac OS 10 10.iv.iv with the beginning generation of Intel-based Macs, the iMac and the MacBook Pro. These machines used Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) platform firmware instead of the older style BIOS found on most x86 motherboards at the time. On February 14, 2006, an initial "hack" of Mac OS X v10.iv.four was released on the Cyberspace by a developer with the pseudonym crg92. [13] Inside hours Apple tree released the 10.4.5 update, [14] which was and so hacked by the same author within ii weeks. [15] On Apr 3, 2006 Apple tree released their 10.4.half dozen update [16] and again patches were released within two weeks that allowed users to install nigh of this update on not-Apple computers, although this did not include the updated kernel in 10.iv.6. In June 2006, an updated MacBook Pro was released for the x.4.seven Mac OS 10 update for non-Apple computers using the 10.iv.iv kernel.

Up to the release of the 10.4.8 update, all OSx86 patches used the ten.iv.4 kernel with the rest of the operating arrangement at version 10.4.8. However, the newer frameworks relied on the newer kernels and this led to users of 10.4.eight encountering many problems. Apple as well started making more than use of SSE3 instructions on their hardware making information technology fifty-fifty more hard for users with CPUs supporting but SSE2 (such as older Pentium 4s) to get a fully compatible system running. To solve this problem, hackers from the customs released kernels where those instructions were emulated with SSE2 equivalents, although this produced a performance penalisation.

Throughout the years, many "distros" were released for download over the Internet. These distros were copies of the Mac Os 10 installer disc modified to include additional components necessary to make the Bone run on the non-Apple tree hardware. A prominent member of the community, JaS, released many distros of Mac OS X Tiger containing patched kernels. Some other popular distros are iATKOS, Kalyway, iPC and iDeneb. Distros have fallen out of favour as the OSx86 community grew, every bit new bootloaders were developed that made it possible to apply actual copies of the Bone X Installer.

Mac Bone 10 Leopard (x.5) [ edit ]

Mac Bone X v10.5 installing on a Lenovo laptop calculator.

Every bit early as Mac OS Ten v10.5 build 9A466 the community has maintained a version of Leopard that can run on non-Apple hardware. A hacker past the handle of BrazilMac created one of the earliest patching processes that fabricated it convenient for users to install Mac OS 10 onto 3rd political party hardware by using a legally obtained, retail version of Apple Mac Os X. This simplification made the BrazilMac patch and its later revisions quickly the most popular selection for many distros. Five of the most popular builds go by the name JaS, Kalyway, iATKOS, iPC and iDeneb - although more than recently these builds are on the way out equally the Boot-132 method (described below) gains popularity. Still, all of these compilations rely on the work of kernel hackers made by Lorem (build 9A466), SynthetiX (builds 9A499, 9A527 and 9A559), ToH (builds 9A581, 9B13 and 9B18) and more than recently a group calling themselves StageXNU (now chosen Voodoo) (Darwin 9.4.0). Their contributions trickled downward into the various Mac OSx86 installers, readily bachelor on the Internet. They continue to exist refined and updated builds released, not only to maintain compatibility with Apple releases but an e'er-increasing number of third-political party components. The OSx86 customs has been quick to make the necessary modifications to enable Apple's latest releases to run on not-Apple hardware. Within hours of Leopard'due south release, an AMD/Intel SSE2/3 Kernel Patcher was created that removed the HPET requirement from an original untouched mach_kernel file, a cadre component of the Mac Bone.

Mac OS X Snowfall Leopard (x.6) [ edit ]

When "Snowfall Leopard" was released, Russian hacker netkas created a version of Chameleon that can boot Mac Os X v10.6. The main problem was that many people were forced to modify DSDT or use kexts due to some specific issues. As soon as possible modbin and dmitrik released examination versions of kernel that permit to kicking Snow Leopard on AMD machines. Stable XNU kernels for v10.6 were released by Qoopz and Pcj. There are some popular builds based on Retail by the name Universal (Intel simply), Risk, and iAtkos. Since v10.6.two Nawcom, Qoopz, and Andy Vandijck have been working on Legacy kernel for unsupported CPUs.

Mac Os X Lion (ten.7) [ edit ]

When Apple released the Developer Preview ane, a Russian Hackintosh developer usr-sse2 was the first who created a method to install Lion. The method consists of deploying Mac OS X v10.7 image on a flash drive, and booting from it via XPC UEFI Bootloader (Encounter DUET below). After some changes were made to the Chameleon source code, it became possible to kicking Lion with an updated version of Chameleon. After a while Dmitrik too known equally Bronzovka had luck with creating a kernel that supported AMD systems; after a few months (10.7.3 V2 With AMD Support) and iAtkos L2 (10.7.two Only Intel) were released. [17]

Bone X Mount Lion (10.viii) [ edit ]

Shortly after the release of Developer Preview 1, some unknown developers managed to install this version of Bone X to their PC past using a modified version of the Chameleon Bootloader. This version was released via the primary project starting at version r1997 [18] to the general public. Due to the bug sourced during the Lion era,[ clarification needed ] other ways of installing and required patches were never made public, which leaves the scene in an unknown state towards Mountain Panthera leo.[ citation needed ]

Since the retail release of Mount Panthera leo several users accept reported successful setups using installers purchased from the Mac App Store, along with updated versions of Chameleon and other tools including distros. Niresh's Distro (x.8 Intel only) was offset released and then was updated to 10.8.2 (With AMD and Intel) and x.eight.5 (With UEFI Support, AMD and Intel Support) versions; iAtkos ML2 was released later Niresh'due south Release. [19] [twenty] [21] [22]

OS X Mavericks (ten.9) [ edit ]

Multiple new kernels for Hackintosh 10.ix are in the works, although at that place still are small bug with most of them. Most of these kernels aim to allow users to run Mavericks on AMD and older Intel CPUs, which lack sure instruction sets of the latest Intel CPUs. Significant efforts accept been made to emulate instruction sets similar SSSE3, which are not present on AMD K10-based CPUs, and older Intel CPUs, like the Intel Core Duo. AMD'due south latest CPUs, from the 'Bulldozer' compages onwards, contain nearly all the latest instruction sets, and hence, some kernels with full SSE4 support have likewise been released. Subsequently 2 months, Niresh's Distro was released for Mavericks, which supports AMD CPUs and latest Intel CPUs. Information technology also has a custom kernel that allows Intel Atom processors to kicking into Mavericks. Niresh's was the only gratuitous distro that was released for Mavericks, since the iAtkos Team decided to release their Mavericks distro for specific hardware on donation footing. [23] [24]

OS 10 Yosemite (10.10) [ edit ]

After the initial release of OS X Yosemite 10.10 BETA, various developers took on the role of updating their bootloaders for the system. Members of OSx86 forum InsanelyMac set to update the EFI Bootloader Chameleon for this new Os release. Some time afterward, Niresh (an contained OSx86 developer) released a standalone tool known as Yosemite Zone, which would automatically install the new OS and other various features on a non-Apple device with minimal input. This method consisted of torrenting an Os X x.10 DMG onto a USB flash bulldoze with MacPwn Vanilla Installation. Unibeast was updated to support Yosemite, [25] and a distribution of Yosemite Zone was released with AMD processor support. A vanilla installation of Yosemite is possible via Insanelymac's Pandora Box Beta 2.0 and UniBeast. This type installation uses as few kexts (drivers) as possible in addition to using an unaltered version of the OS X installation app, and is preferred over distributions. [26] [27] [28]

Os X El Capitan (10.xi) [ edit ]

Both Clover and Chameleon were updated to be uniform with El Capitan. Unibeast [29] and MacPwn [30] were updated to support El Capitan as well, since El Capitan, Unibeast (and Multibeast) apply the Clover bootloader instead of Chimera (a Chameleon-based bootloader).

macOS Sierra (10.12) [ edit ]

Clover and Chameleon were updated to exist compatible with Sierra. UniBeast, [31] Pandora Box and MacPwn [32] were updated to support it [33] and a distribution of Sierra Zone [34] (10.12.3) was released with AMD processor back up.

macOS High Sierra (10.13) [ edit ]

Clover, MacPwn, [35] OpenCore [36] and UniBeast [37] were updated to back up it. A distro of High Sierra Zone past Hackintosh Zone [38] (10.13) was released with AMD Processor back up including Ryzen CPUs.

macOS Mojave (10.14) [ edit ]

Clover was updated to support Mojave with revision 4514. [39] UniBeast besides received Mojave support for Intel-based machines. [40] A distro of Hackintosh Mojave by Hackintosh Zone [41] (10.14) was released. Apple has also discontinued support for NVIDIA Spider web Drivers from the first release of macOS Mojave, to current.

macOS Catalina (10.15) [ edit ]

Clover r4945 was the first version of Clover to back up macOS Catalina, first with the first programmer beta of macOS Catalina ten.15. [42] UniBeast was updated for macOS Catalina back up, but there has non all the same been a MultiBeast release for Catalina. [43] For the first public stable release of macOS 10.fifteen, AMD patches were also released, allowing the booting of macOS Catalina on AMD CPU systems. [44] A new bootloader began to emerge during this fourth dimension, chosen OpenCore. OpenCore is a successor to Clover, and a necessity for AMD users beyond macOS 10.15.2. [45] [46]

macOS Big Sur (11) [ edit ]

Although macOS Big Sur will notwithstanding piece of work on Intel processors, Apple began in 2020 to move to ARM64-based Apple silicon processors, and will somewhen stop supporting the Intel64 compages. [10] This may mean the end of Hackintosh computers in their current form.

macOS Monterey (12) [ edit ]

In macOS Monterey, some of the new features[ which? ] are exclusive to the ARM64-based Apple tree Chiliad-Series processors and are not available on Intel processors.

Legal issues and Apple tree's objections [ edit ]

Apple does not authorize the use of Mac Bone X on any x86 PC other than those which it has manufactured. Afterwards announcing its switch to Intel's chips, the visitor used technical means (although not the Trusted Platform Module, or TPM, as has been widely misreported [47] ), to necktie Mac OS to the systems information technology distributed to developers. [48]

The macOS EULA forbids installations of macOS on a "non-Apple-branded calculator". [4] On three July 2008, Apple filed a lawsuit against Psystar Corporation [49] for violating this brake, among other claims. [l] Apple claimed Psystar "violated the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) by dodging re-create-protection technologies Apple tree uses to protect Mac Os X." Apple employs technological protection measures that effectively control access to Apple's copyrighted works. Specifically, Apple tree charged Psystar with acquiring or creating code that "avoids, bypasses, removes, descrambles, decrypts, deactivates or impairs a technological protection measure without Apple tree's dominance for the purpose of gaining unauthorized admission to Apple's copyrighted works." [51] The legal brief revealed that Apple considers the methods that information technology uses to prevent macOS from being installed on non-Apple hardware to be protected by the Digital Millennium Copyright Human action (DMCA).

On 13 November 2009, the court granted Apple tree's movement for summary judgment and institute Apple tree's copyrights were violated as well as the DMCA when Psystar installed Apple tree's operating system on not-Apple tree computers. A hearing on remedies was fix for 14 December. [8] [52]

On xiv Jan 2009, the Gadget Lab site of Wired Magazine posted a video tutorial for installing Mac Bone 10 on an MSI Wind netbook, but removed it following a complaint from Apple. [53] Textual instructions remain, but include an EULA violation disclaimer. [54]

On fifteen May 2012, the case Apple tree vs. Psystar Corporation concluded. The court ruled that Psystar had "violated Apple's sectional reproduction correct, distribution right, and right to create derivative works," [55] putting an end to the case.

Hacking approaches [ edit ]

Kernel hacks [ edit ]

When copies of Mac OS X Tiger started running on non-Apple hardware, it was found that some processors were unable to run the OS. Rosetta, a binary translator that made it possible to run PowerPC programs on Intel processors, (and later the kernel itself) required the back up of the SSE3 teaching set. To circumvent this, programmers in the community released patched kernels, which included support for emulating SSE3 instructions using SSE2 equivalents. In October 2005, Apple tree released update 10.iv.three to developers that required NX bit microprocessor support; [56] nevertheless, patches were released to circumvent this also. [57] Patched kernels were also later released that supported AMD processors.

When Mac Os 10 Leopard released on Oct 26, 2007, patches were created to remove the HPET requirement from the kernel. Efforts were too made to emulate the SSSE3 instruction set for processors that did non back up it. The kernel used past Bone Ten Mavericks fabricated use of SSSE3 instructions, requiring those patches.

Kick loaders and emulators [ edit ]

EFI emulation [ edit ]

Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) is a specification that defines a software interface between an operating system and platform firmware. Since emulating the EFI does not generally require copying or modifying macOS, it is considered by some hackers to be the legal mode of installing macOS on non-Apple computers (despite existence untested in courts).[ commendation needed ]

The work started with EFI emulation in the grade of David Elliot (dfe)'southward modified version of Boot-132 called "Darwin/x86", which has a "FakeEFI" organization that emulates EFI. [58] In early Nov 2007, a group of hackers (fronted by a Russian hacker known as Netkas), using Elliot's code, developed a method [59] of emulating an EFI environment using a peculiarly modified Darwin bootloader. [sixty] In practical terms, this meant that regular PCs meeting a set of hardware requirements could now be "seen" equally real Macintosh computers by the Os, assuasive the use of unmodified, "stock" Apple kernels (every bit long equally the CPU supports it) and thus giving more transparent and reliable performance. Several methods for real world deployment of this innovative solution accept arisen around the Internet. An caption of this accomplishment along with a usage guide was provided past the website DigitMemo.com. [61]

True EFI emulation was a highly sought after nugget for the OSx86 customs. Previous efforts based upon Apple tree's open source Darwin Projection and Hackintosh gurus immune users to utilise macOS on normal PCs, with patched kernels/kernel modules that simply bypassed EFI. Using the EFI patch, a Hackintosh could boot off "vanilla" (unmodified) macOS kernels and apply vanilla kernel extensions. This not only allowed the organisation to exist compatible with future system updates, simply also offered increased stability. This method likewise circumvents 1 aspect of Apple tree'southward Finish User License Agreement, which states that the modification of non-Open Source components of the Bone is forbidden. [iv]

In mid-2008, a new commercial product, EFi-10, was released that claims to allow full, simple booting off official Leopard install disks, and a subsequent install, without whatsoever patching required, but this is peradventure a repackaging of Boot-132 technology in a USB-attached device. [62] Rebel EFI is another commercial product that also seems to utilize Open up Source software. [63]

Information technology was idea[ past whom? ] that Windows 7's support of EFI would result in PC motherboards replacing BIOS with EFI. MSI announced the Efinity mainboard in early 2008. As of 2011, EFI-based computers have entered the market, nevertheless none can natively kick Mac Os 10 due to the lack of a HFS+ driver in the EFI implementation.

Boot-132 [ edit ]

Boot-132 is a bootloader provided past Apple for loading the XNU kernel. [64] In mid-2008, a new modified BOOT-132 came on to the scene. [65] This method allows users to conduct the Leopard-based OSx86 installation using a stock, retail-purchased re-create of Mac OS Ten Leopard and eradicates the necessity of a hacked installation like JaS or Kalyway (mentioned previously). The Kick-132 bootloader essentially preloads an environment on the organisation from which Leopard tin can kicking and operate. The bootloader stores the necessary files (kext files) in a .img collection or simply a folder. The luxury of this new installation method includes the ability to kick and install from a retail Leopard DVD and update straight from Apple tree without breaking the DMCA. The just possible trouble here is that it breaks the macOS EULA. [66]

The bootloader behaves similar the Linux kernel: 1 tin can apply an mboot-compatible (a patched syslinux was used for the hack) bootloader that tells boot-dfe almost the .img file (the ramdisk or initrd, as it's known past Linux users), and kick-dfe will then use the kexts (or mkext) from it. This new kick-dfe has been tested with the retail Leopard DVD, and it can kicking, install, run Leopard without having to build a modified DVD.

Chameleon [ edit ]

Since the early developer builds of Mac OS X v10.six, members of the OSx86 community had been booting the new operating arrangement using nevertheless another bootloader called PC EFI provided past Russian hacker Netkas or the bootloader of the Voodoo team's Chameleon. Chameleon is based on David Elliot's Boot-132. The bootloader supports ACPI, SMBIOS, graphics, ethernet, and some other injections. Information technology allows to boot up macOS on non-Macintosh hardware. Chameleon supports a lot of AMD as well as Nvidia graphics cards. In that location are a lot of forks of it by dissimilar developers; the latest version upstream is 2.2 from 2014. [67]

Clover [ edit ]

Clover is a GUI bootloader for multiple operating systems that supports either UEFI or the legacy BIOS manner. To back up booting EFI code, one of the ii methods are conventionally taken: either Elliot's FakeEFI was used, or an actual open up-source EFI system based on Intel'due south TianoCore chosen DUET (Developer's UEFI Emulation) was flashed into the motherboard. [68] However, modern, not-Apple EFI firmware as well as Duet cannot straight load macOS due to various incompatibilities, mainly around the HFS+ file system simply besides due to the quirks of individual vendors. One more step was needed to load macOS systems: an EFI application to rectify these issues and span the gap.

Beginning in March 2011, Slice discussed his idea with other community members, resulting in the development of a bootloader that can do both: emulate an EFI firmware of i's choice or use a Existent UEFI firmware to kick Mac Bone X. It contains EFI applications and drivers for correctly reading an HFS+ deejay and patching EFI tables to prepare the system for starting macOS. As of 2020, it is actively maintained. [69]

Ozmosis [ edit ]

Ozmosis is a UEFI DXE bootloader for Z77MX-QUO-AOS, developed by QUO Estimator Inc. that is defunct in late 2010s. Information technology offers to run macOS through motherboard'south UEFI rom, and no need boosted drive space for bootloader.

OpenCore [ edit ]

OpenCore, started in 2019, is another bootloader adult to run macOS on UEFI or BIOS systems too as old Mac devices that are no longer supported. [70] Compared to Clover, information technology is said to provide overall better patching and emulation also as a faster kicking fourth dimension. The projection has also taken over the development of some patches, meaning future versions may only work with OpenCore. [71]

Live DVD [ edit ]

In March 2007, the OSx86 customs made some meaning progress with the evolution of a Live DVD. The Live DVD allows booting to a working system with Mac Os X v10.four.8.

On January 2, 2009, InsanelyMac's Live DVD team published a new method by which a Mac OS X v10.five.x Live DVD could be produced, allowing users to boot a fully working macOS desktop from a DVD or USB flash drive. [72] The method was more reliable than previous methods considering it manipulated Apple tree'due south existing Netboot and Imageboot functionalities and behaved equally if the system were running off a network deejay. Information technology was easier to produce; requiring only a single script to be added to an existing installation. Distributions of the live DVD have been fabricated since its inception. Since then, it is notable that this method has been shown to work on normal Apple Mac hardware.

Virtual machine [ edit ]

It is possible to run macOS as a virtual machine inside other operating systems installed on standard PC hardware by using virtualization software such as Oracle'southward VirtualBox [73] [74] (though this is not officially supported by Oracle [75] ). It is also possible to install macOS on Windows and Linux versions of VMware software through the use of patches, [76] [77] even though the company states that running macOS is supported for VMware running on only Apple computers in compliance with Apple tree's licensing policies. [78]

macOS on a virtual machine is typically very deadening due to the operating system's heavy use of hardware video acceleration, which macOS does not back up when using the virtual video devices typically used past virtual machine software. A work effectually is to attach a physical GPU to a virtual machine, nonetheless this requires a macOS supported GPU in the system that is non in use by the host operating system.[ citation needed ]

Run across also [ edit ]

References [ edit ]

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